Utilization of Existing Buildings as Vertical Evacuation Facility at Indonesia Tsunami Potential Areas  

Oleh:

Satyarno, Iman

Jenis: Article from Proceeding
Dalam koleksi: Proceeding The 1st International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials (SCESCM) di Yogyakarta, September 11 – 13, 2012, page 36-45.
Topik: earthquake; evacuation; inundation; performance; tsunami.
Fulltext: 4.pdf (2.2MB)

Isi artikel

The number of casualties due to tsunami that happened in Aceh Indonesia on December 26, 2004 was around 130,000 to 150,000. This high number of casualties was mainly because they could not escape from the tsunami inundated areas. There are only two ways to escape the tsunami inundation namely by carrying out horizontal and or vertical evacuation procedures. Both of them require well prepared facility to perform the procedures. Recent Tohoku Japan tsunami on March 11, 2011 has shown that these evacuation procedures could reduce the number of casualties although some of the vertical evacuation facility might have been failed to protect the evacuees. The horizontal evacuation procedure can be carried out if there is enough time between tsunami warning and tsunami inundation. The time difference can be divided into three categories such as more than 2 hours for far-source-generated tsunami, between 30 minutes and 2 hours for mid-sourcegenerated tsunami, and less than 30 minutes for near-source-generated tsunami. For the case of near-source-generated tsunami, the horizontal evacuation procedure might not be appropriate as the evacuation time of 30 minute might not be enough to escape the tsunami inundation. Therefore vertical evacuation procedure will be the only reasonable option. In this case the most effective and efficient way to adopt this procedure is by utilizing the existing buildings as vertical evacuation facility. This paper discusses some required steps of evaluation that must be carried out to utilize the existing buildings for that purpose at tsunami potential areas in Indonesia based on FEMA P646 (2008) and the lesson learnt from previous earthquakes and tsunamis in 2004 and 2011 that happened in Indonesia and Japan respectively.

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