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ArtikelUnmetabolized Folic Acid Is Detected in Nearly All Serum Samples from US Children, Adolescents, and Adults  
Oleh: Pfeiffer, Christine M. ; Sternberg, Maya R ; Fazili, Zia ; Yetley, Elizabeth A. ; Lacher, David A
Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: JN: The Journal of Nutrition vol. 145 no. 03 (Mar. 2015), page 520-531 .
Topik: NHANES; serum folate; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; unmetabolized folic acid; HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry
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    • Nomor Panggil: J42.K
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Isi artikelBackground: Serum total folate consists mainly of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF). Unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) may occur in persons consuming folic acid–fortified foods or supplements. Objectives: We describe serum 5-methylTHF and UMFA concentrations in the US population =1 y of age by demographic variables and fasting time, stratified by folic acid–containing dietary supplement use. We also evaluate factors associated with UMFA concentrations >1 nmol/L. Methods: Serum samples from the cross-sectional NHANES 2007–2008 were measured for 5-methylTHF (n = 2734) and UMFA (n = 2707) by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: In supplement users compared with nonusers, we found significantly higher geometric mean concentrations of 5-methylTHF (48.4 and 30.7 nmol/L, respectively) and UMFA (1.54 and 0.794 nmol/L, respectively). UMFA concentrations were detectable (>0.3 nmol/L) in >95% of supplement users and nonusers, regardless of demographic or fasting characteristics; concentrations differed significantly by age and fasting time, but not by sex and race-ethnicity, both in supplement users and nonusers. The prevalence of UMFA concentrations >1 nmol/L was 33.2% overall and 21.0% in fasting (=8 h) adults (=20 y of age). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, UMFA concentrations >1 nmol/L were associated with being older, non-Hispanic black, nonfasting (<8 h), having smaller body surface area, higher total folic acid intake (diet and supplements), and higher red blood cell folate concentrations. In fasting adults, a decrease in the mean daily alcohol consumption was also associated with increased odds of UMFA concentrations >1 nmol/L. Conclusions: UMFA detection was nearly ubiquitous, and concentrations >1 nmol/L were largely but not entirely explained by fasting status and by total folic acid intake from diet and supplements. These new UMFA data in US persons =1 y of age provide much-needed information on this vitamer in a fortified population with relatively high use of dietary supplements.
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