Detail Developmental Changes in the Neural Mechanisms of Eyeblink Conditioning Bibliografi Author: Freeman, John H. ; Nicholson, Daniel A. (Co-Author) Topik: learning; classical conditioning; ontogeny; cerebellum; eyelid Bahasa: (EN )     Penerbit: SAGE Publications     Tempat Terbit: London    Tahun Terbit: 2004     Jenis: Article - untuk jurnal ilmiah Fulltext: 3BCNR31.pdf (441.0KB; 2 download) Abstract Eyeblink conditioning has been used as a model system for examining the ontogeny of associative learning and its neural basis in rodents. Associative eyeblink conditioning emerges between postnatal days (P) 17 and 24 in rats. Neurophysiological studies in infant rats during eyeblink conditioning revealed developmental changes in the activity of cerebellar neurons that correspond to the ontogenetic emergence of eyeblink conditioning. The developmental changes in cerebellar neuronal activity suggest that the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning is related to changes in learning mechanisms rather than motor performance mechanisms. Additional neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies demonstrated that the developmental changes in neuronal activity in the cerebellum are due to developmental changes in interactions between the cerebellum and its inputs, the inferior olive and pontine nuclei. Developmental changes in cerebellar inputs and regulation of its inputs affect the induction of learning-related plasticity, thereby affecting the rate and magnitude of conditioning. unconditioned stimulus (US) such as a brief shock to the periorbital region of the face or a puff of air to the cornea (see Figure 1a; Gormezano, 1966). The eyeblink response is recorded by measuring eyelid movement, eyelid muscle activity, or movement of the nictitating membrane. At the start of conditioning, the US elicits a reflexive eyeblink response, but no response occurs during the CS (see Figure 1b). Continued pairing of the CS and US will yield an eyeblink response that occurs during the CS, the conditioned response (CR; see Figures 1c and 1d). The maximum amplitude of the eyeblink CR typically occurs at the onset time of the US. The behavioral laws of associative learning were, to a large extent, determined by detailed studies of the parameters that influence the rate and magnitude of eyeblink conditioning in adult humans and rabbits (e.g., Gormezano, Kehoe, & Marshall, 1983; Grant & Schneider, 1948; Opini Anda Klik untuk menuliskan opini Anda tentang koleksi ini! Lihat Sejarah Pengadaan  Konversi Metadata   Kembali

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