The Mind and The Future : The (Negative) Power of Expectations  

Oleh:

Miceli, Maria ; Castelfranchi, Cristiano

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Theory and Psychology vol. 12 no. 3 (Jun. 2002), page 335–366.
Topik: power; disappointment; forecast; hope; sense of injustice; mind; future; expectation; power
Fulltext: 335TP123.pdf (122.65KB)

Isi artikel

We try to identify the configurations of beliefs and goals typical of the various kinds of representation of the future: forecasts, hopes and fears, and a particular kind of anticipatory representations that we call 'hope - casts' and 'fear - casts', which are supposed to imply not only forecasts and either hopes or fears, but also a normative component according to which the expected event 'ought' to happen. We address the psychological consequences of hope-casts, either before or after the expected event comes true or false, and point to the sense of injustice and loss produced by violated hope - casts. We also address individual differences in dealing with violated hope - casts, and the possible role played by just - world beliefs, optimism and defensive pessimism. Finally, we compare our model with related approaches, and stress the negative potential of hope - casts in terms of the negative attitudes associated with them, which hamper people's ability to cope with disappointment.

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