Indonesia is a nation consists of various kinds of ethnic
groups. Each ethnic has its own cultural characteristics which influences the
personality of the members of the ethnic groups. Therefore, it is possible that
the personality of members of a certain culture group is different from the
personality of members of the other culture group. However, the personality
traits of different ethnic groups in Indonesia has not been searched
thoroughly, and very few research were focused on aspects of personality of
Indonesian people. All this time, the differences among members of different
cultures are based on theoretical assumptions or common senses, especially in
the way people cope with personal problems that if they fail to overcome their
problems they will develop psychopathological tendencies. To get a better
understanding about whether there are differences in psychopathological
tendencies of different ethnic groups, a systematic and scientific research is
needed to be carried out.
This research focuses on three ethnic groups who live in Jakarta. These
ethnic groups are Javanese, Batak and Chinese. To measure the personality
profiles from these ethnic groups, MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory -2) is administered. MMPI-2 contains Clinical scales,
Content scales, Supplementary scales, and Personality Psychopathology five
(PSY–5) scales. Each scale in this measurement contains several subscales.
This research focuses only on Clinical scales and Harris -Lingoes subscales
which are subscales from the clinical scales because the aim is to understand
the psychopathological tendencies. The clinical scales contains 10 subscales
and the Harris-Lingoes subscales contains 31 subscales. In other words, the
purpose of this research is to detect the differences in clinical scales MMPI-2
profiles between Javanese, Batak and Chinese, who live in Jakarta.
Some theory are used to analyse the research result are culture,
stereotype, Allport’s personality theory, MMPI-2, and the connection between
culture and personality. The characteristic of the population is Javanese, Batak
and Chinese, who live in Jakarta and 18 – 25 years old. In this research, the
researcher grouped the respondents based on ethnic and gender because the
norm of MMPI-2 is based on gender.
Based on a One-way ANOVA test with 428 respondents (155
Javanese, 98 Batak, and 175 Chinese), the result in women samples is shows
the significant differences in scale 9 (Hypomania/Ma), scale Pd2 (Authority
Problems), scale Sc3 (Lack of Ego Mastery, Cognitive), scale Sc5 (Lack of Ego
Mastery, Defective Inhibition), scale Ma1 (Amorality), and scale Ma4 (Ego
Inflation) among Javanese, Batak and Chinese who live in Jakarta. On the
other hand, different from women samples, men samples of the Javanese,
Batak and Chinese ethnic groups, who live in Jakarta, shows the significant
differences in scale 2 (Depression/D), scale D4 (Mental Dullness) and scale
Pd5 (Self Alienation).
Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that there are
differences in intensity of the psychopathological tendencies among Javanese,
Batak and Chinese if they failed to cope with their personal problems. For
example, the result of scale 9 (Hypomania/Ma) shows that Javanese people are
more prone to demonstrate hypomania symptoms compared to Chinese
people when they failed to overcome their personal problems. |