Ranks and Rivals : A Theory of Competition  

Oleh:

Garcia, Stephen M. ; Gonzales, Richard ; Tor, Avishalom

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pspc) vol. 32 no. 07 (2006), page 970-982.
Topik: competition; competition ; social comparison; decision making; social capital; behavioural economics; choice behaviour
Fulltext: 970.pdf (136.33KB)

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: PP45.27 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Social comparison theories typically imply a comparable degree of competition between commensurate rivals who are competing on a mutually important dimension. However, the present analysis reveals that the degree of competition between such rivals depends on their proximity to a meaningful standard. Studies 1 to 3 test the prediction that individuals become more competitive and less willing to maximize profitable joint gains when they and their commensurate rivals are highly ranked (e. g., #2 vs. #3) than when they are not (e. g., #202 vs. #203). Studies 4 to 6 then generalize these findings, showing that the degree of competition also increases in the proximity of other meaningful standards, such as the bottom of a ranking scale or a qualitative threshold in the middle of a scale. Studies 7 and 8 further examine the psychological processes underlying this phenomenon and reveal that proximity to a standard exerts a direct impact on the basic unidirectional drive upward, beyond the established effects of commensurability and dimension relevance.

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