The Impact of Formal and Informal Social Controls on The Criminal Activities of Probationers  

Oleh:

MacKenzie, Doris Layton ; Li, Spencer de

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency (http://jrc.sagepub.com/) vol. 39 no. 3 (Aug. 2002), page 243-276.
Topik: CRIMINAL; social controls; criminal activities; probationers
Fulltext: 243.pdf (219.63KB)

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: JJ95.3 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

The monthly self - reported criminal activities, risk behaviours and local life circumstances of offenders who began senternces of probation in northern virginia were examined during the year prior to arrest, between arrest and probation, and during the first eight months of probation. The criminal activities and risk behaviours of the offenders declined dramatically after arrest and continued at this lower level throughout the probation period studied. When these offenders participated in high risk behaviours such as carrying a gun using drugs, and heavy use of alcohol, thet committed more crimes : conversely, when they lived with spouses or were employed, they committed fewer crimes. There was no change in local life circumstances from the prearrest, arrest, and probation periods. The decline in criminal activities after arrest and during probation did not appear to be related to changes in informal social controls as measured by local life circumstances. The results were interpreted as consistent with a possible a deterrent effect.

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