Errors in conjunction and disjunction  

Oleh:

Manning, Susan Karp ; Schreier-Pandal, Helene

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The American Journal of Psychology vol. 106 no. 03 (1993), page 429-449.
Topik: discrimination; the improper heuristics; disjunction; errors; conjunction; discrimination
Fulltext: 1423185.pdf (1.9MB)

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Perpustakaan PKPM Nomor Panggil: A12 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Subjects given vignettes compared the probability of single versus double component events in which the latter consisted of the former conjoined or disjoined with a second component. Because the single event is always more probable than the conjunction, and less probable than the disjunction, comparisons of the proportion of correct responses can show whether conjunction and disjunction are being differentiated. Additionally, the effect of using events that are relevant or irrelevant to the script described was tested. The results showed a large effect of item relevance by minimal discrimination between situations involving conjunction compared with those involving disjunction. This suggests the overriding importance of the relevance variable, an improper heuristic, in judging probability. It also suggests a lack of understanding of the difference between the concepts involved in conjunction and disjunction. Training effects were also studied. These effects were significant but small and showed that training on conjunction led to an increase in performance on conjunction and a decrease in performance on disjunction, training in disjunction led to an increase in performance on disjunction and a relative decrease in performance on conjunction. These findings support the view that the improper heuristics in this paradigm are potent.

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