Attentional Shifts in Maintenance Rehearsal  

Oleh:

Wolters, Genizus ; Phaf, R. Hans

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The American Journal of Psychology vol. 106 no. 03 (1993), page 353-382.
Topik: MAINTENANCE; new memory representations; attentional shifts; maintenance rehearsal; the distinction; elaborative
Fulltext: 1423182.pdf (2.77MB)

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Perpustakaan PKPM Nomor Panggil: A12 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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The distinction between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal was investigated in four experiments. Experiments 1 - 3 showed that long periods of maintenance rehearsal, induced in a distractor recall procedure, consistently produced small increases in recall performance. The increases were independent of manipulations that enhance overall performance, such as semantic relatedness and intentional learning, but seemed to depend mainly on the occurrence of rehearsal errors. Such errors presumably have a dishabituating effect that draws attention to the words. Instead of qualitatively different maintenance and elaborative rehearsal processes, a single form of rehearsal with variable amounts of attentional processing is suggested. Attention results in active elaboration and the creation of new memory representations. Without attention, only passive activation and strengthening of already existing representations occurs. Maintenance rehearsal is accompanied by relatively little attentional processing, but the novelty of the initial presentation and later rehearsal errors evoke some attentional processing which may lead to increases in recall. In Experiment 4, the effect of maintenance rehearsal on an implicit test (word completion) was determined. Because implicit memory is supposed to depend mainly on the strengthening of old representations, no effect of rehearsal errors was expected, and none was found. The role of attention is discussed.

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