On the ability to provide evaluative comments: further explorations of children's narrative competencies  

Oleh:

Bamberger, Michael G.W. ; Damrad-Frye, Robin

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Journal of Child Language (ada di PROQUEST) vol. 18 no. 3 (Oct. 1991), page 689-710.

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan PKBB Nomor Panggil: 405/JCL/18 Non-tandon: tidak ada Tandon: 1

Lihat Detail Induk

Isi artikel

This study investigated the changing functions of evaluative devices in children's narratives. The evaluative devices included (a) references to 'frames of mind', particularly to emotions, (b) character speech, (c) 'hedges', (d) negative qualifiers, and (e) causal connectors. Narratives were elicited from a 24-picture story book. The subjects were three groups of native English-speaking Americans (12 per group): five- and nine-year-old children and college undergraduate students. A quantitative comparison revealed that (i) adults used evaluative devices three times as often as five-year-olds, and two-and-a-half times as often as the nine-year-old children; (ii) adults used significantly more references to 'frames of mind' and' hedges' than the children; and (iii) whereas fiveyear-olds used each evaluative type equally often, nine-year-olds and adults used references to 'frames of mind' significantly more than the other four evaluation types. A second analysis, focusing specifically on the discourse functions of references to 'frames of mind' revealed that, early on, this particular device is used to express a local evaluative perspective on particular events, while with increasing age it is used to signal the hierarchial organization of the story events. These findings are discussed with regard to two non-linguistic developmental achievements, the formation of event schemas and the formation of a theory of mind.

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