Language ideologies in Nusa Tenggara Timor: a case study of changing perceptions  

Oleh:

Zhang, Jenny ; Jacob, Yanti ; Jacob, June

Jenis: Article from Proceeding
Dalam koleksi: KOLITA 15 : Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya Kelima Belas, page 529.
Topik: multilingualism; language ideology; local language; language identity
Fulltext: 529 Jenny-Yanti-June - OK.pdf (230.06KB)

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This paper examines language ideologies in Nusa Tenggara Timor Province (NTT). Multilingualism in Kupang, the provincial capital, is no new phenomenon; as many have noted (e.g. Jacob and Grimes, 2006), encounters, co-habitation, and linguistic hybridization and exchange between different communities are part of a long history of trade in Eastern Indonesia – where Dutch and Portuguese traders, colonial forces, and missionaries, Moluccans, Makassarese, and those from surrounding islands of Flores, Alor, Sabu, and Rote, to name a few, have lived and used a “Kupang Malay” as a lingua franca for centuries. Questions about language hierarchies, the potential and already-felt effects of globalization on linguistic diversity, and language endangerment is rich (Errington, 2000, Blommaert and Rampton, 2011, Zentz, 2014, and Goebel, 2017). Much of this scholarship examines mass media and other written forms, government policies on language use, school curricula, and high-level scholarly debates. However, there is little research on why and how attitudes toward language ideologies change. This paper fills in the gaps in the research, by looking at the grassroots level, and asks how metalinguistic awareness and sociolinguistics knowledge effects change or stasis in personal convictions and linguistic practice. Specifically, we examine individuals’ perceptions about local language use, shifts in those perceptions over time and with new knowledge, and the relationships between local languages and individual and group identities. We present findings from survey and interview data, utilizing discourse and narrative analytic methods. The study is situated in educational context, focusing primarily on pre-service teachers who have taken sociolinguistics courses and later participated in a language documentation workshop. In doing so, we take seriously the possibility that contestation over language policy and use happens at every stratum: daily interaction, stratified along class, gender, familial/intimacy level, as well as educational level. This research is important because it sheds light on how dominant language ideologies can be subverted, not only by top-down policy or curricular changes, but also by scholar-activists. The study focuses on not only attitudes towards local languages, and by also the factors and mechanisms by which attitudes about languages change.

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