Statistical Power in Experimental Audit Studies: Cautions and Calculations for Matched Tests With Nominal Outcomes  

Oleh:

Vuolo, Mike ; Uggen, Christopher ; Lageson, Sarah

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Sociological Methods & Research (SMR) vol. 45 no. 02 (May 2016), page 260-303.
Topik: sample size; power; experiments; audit studies; McNemar's test; Cochran's Q test; Stuart-Maxwell test

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan PKPM Nomor Panggil: S28 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

Given their capacity to identify causal relationships, experimental audit studies have grown increasingly popular in the social sciences. Typically, investigators send fictitious auditors who differ by a key factor (e.g., race) to particular experimental units (e.g., employers) and then compare treatment and control groups on a dichotomous outcome (e.g., hiring). In such scenarios, an important design consideretion is the power calculations are not straightforward in standard matched tests for dichotomous outcomes. Given the paired nature of the data, the number of pairs in the concordant cells (when neither or both auditor recives a positive response) contributes to the power, which is lower as the sum of the discordant proportions approaches one. Beacause these quantities are difficult to determine a priori, researchers must exercise particular care in experimental design. present sample size and power calculations of McNemar's test using empirical data from an audit study on misdemeanor arrest records and employability. We then provide formulas and examples for cases involving more than two treatments (Cochran's Q test) and nominal outcomes (Stuart-Maxwell test). We conclude with concrete recommendations concering power and sample size for researchers designing and presenting matched audit studies.

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