Impact assessment of international policy coordination with the wto technical barriers to trade agreement and foreign financial assistance upon the intent to comply with the agreement: findings of a cross-sectional study of mango exporters in Pakistan  

Oleh:

, Maham Umar Bajwa ; , Syed Toqueer Akhter

Jenis: Article from Proceeding
Dalam koleksi: SIBR-Thammasat 2014 Conference on Interdisciplinary Business & Economics Research June 5th- 7th, 2014 di Emerald Hotel Bangkok, page 1-61.
Topik: Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT); International Policy Coordination; Foreign Financial Assistance; Ordered Probit Econometric Regression; Ordinary Least Square
Fulltext: b14-097.pdf (664.87KB)

Isi artikel

Pakistan, as a territorial entity, is consecrated with varied agro-climatic conditions, favoring the growth of various crops, almost all year around. Being an agro based economy, Pakistan, relies intensely on its agricultural production. The country has great potential in numerous agricultural commodities like rice, fish preparations, fruits and vegetables, and minor crops. However, the proliferated implication of the WTO technical regulations and standards, especially as legal force, affects the compliance rate of exporters for technical barriers to trade which hampers the export growth and potential of agriculture & processed food from the country. The study explores the extent to which the mango exporters of Pakistan conform to the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). The TBT imposed by the World Trade Organization is not desired to impede exports but it does restrict the exporters of developing countries like Pakistan, who are limited by inadequate financial resources and expertise, to exploit their full potential. Moreover, the lack of harmonization between national laws and WTO TBT acts as a constraint towards conforming to TBT. Based on the survey-based approach a sample of exporters from major mango producing regions of Punjab and Sindh was taken for an experimental study. The degree of compliance with TBT has been measured on an ordinal scale of 1-5, with 1 symptomatic of low compliance and 5 high level of compliance with WTO standards. The Ordered Probit and Ordinary Least ii Square (OLS) have been estimated in a competing modeling scenario nevertheless this scrutiny reveals parallel outcomes from both the models. The paper, furthermore, quantifies incompatibility of international standards with domestic value chain processes and access to technical knowledge & understanding, to be the most significant factors in affecting Pakistan’s mango exporters to comply with TBT. Consequently more information sessions, technical expertise by the foreign bureaus and reinvigorated institutional framework could facilitate exporters to attain better compliance with TBT and to achieve sustained growth in exports, extensively. The later part of the study scrutinizes the indirect impact of these salient variables on volume of mango exported from the country.

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