Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit: A Review of Four Theories for Analyzing Language by Function  

Oleh:

Staab, Claire F.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Language Sciences (Full Text) vol. 5 no. 1 (1983), page 21-35.
Fulltext: 05_01_Staab.pdf (704.29KB)

Isi artikel

Members of the same speech community possess shared, implicit knowledge of a speaker's intended language function. This paper reviews and synthesizes four different theories for explaining this phenomenon, for making this implicit knowledge explicit. The four theories reviewed are: Speech Act Analysis, Politeness Phenomena, Rules Affecting Speaking, and Activity Analysis. Speech Act Analysis as proposed by Austin and Searle delineates specific conditions for classifying a speech act as a specific language function and differentiates between direct and indirect speech acts. The Politeness Phenomena, as advocated by Brown and Levinson, explains how message form is affected by certain social factors. Hymes, in proposing the Rules of Speaking Analysis, delineates specific factors of a speech event which tend to focus language function; and Wittgenstein, by means of Activity Analysis, suggests that the factors of a speech event are hierarchical. This paper advances the notion that these four theories are not contradictory but rather complementary. Each theory expands the ideas of the others and all can be used in forming a composite picture of how one's implicit knowledge of language function can be explained.

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