Advance Directives and DNR Orders  

Oleh:

Burns, Jeffrey P. ; Mitchell, Christine

Jenis: Article from Books - E-Book
Dalam koleksi: Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics A Case-Based Textbook, page 112-117.
Topik: Advance directives; DNR orders
Fulltext: Advance Directives and DNR Orders.pdf (126.77KB)

Isi artikel

There was even a fourth article on these polices in that issue – written by philosopher Sissela Bok ( 1976 ). She noted that the DNR order focused on what would not be done for the patient, and only addressed decisions at the very end of life, instead of promoting in advance what would be done for the patient regarding a range of decisions, not solely resuscitation decisions, across the trajectory of illness. Bok’s article was one of the first to prominently call for advance directives to ensure that patients have the opportunity to identify and clarify their personal values about medical treatment decisions. What are advance directives, how do DNR orders it into advance directives, and do these concepts even have meaning for the pediatric patient? How should medical decisions for the adolescent patient described here be made? What framework for reasoning about this dilemma should be applied to guide decisions? Standard types of normative ethical theories, typically grouped as utilitarian or ends-based theories, as compared with formalist, Kantian, or dutybased theories, point to forms of reasoning about the good to be achieved (such as living longer or dying well) or the duties to be considered (such as duties to avoid harm, and duties to the patient or duties to the parents). Rules and reasoning drawn from such theoretical frameworks when applied to the case and facts at hand are referred to as “applied ethics.”

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