Modulation of environmental reinstatement effects through encoding strategies  

Oleh:

O'Halloran, Colleen M. ; Einstein, Gilles O. ; McDaniel, Mark A.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The American Journal of Psychology vol. 102 no. 4 (1989), page 523.
Topik: Modulation; Environmental Reinstatement Effects; Encoding Strategies
Fulltext: 1423306.pdf (2.6MB)

Isi artikel

The influence of encoding strategies on context-dependency effects was investigated. In five experiments, recall of sentences or phrases was examined when the environmental context present at encoding was either reinstated or changed at the time of test. In Experiments 1 and 3, subjects were instructed to form mental images (visual) of the meaning of each sentence. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4, subjects were required to perform a nonimaginal encoding task for the target sentences (read and rate the sentences). Ad- ditionally in Experiment 4, other subjects were instructed to try to organize the sentences into sets of four. In Experiment 5, subjects either used a self- referent encoding task or a non-self-referent encoding task to process a list of phrases. Context-dependency effects emerged most consistently when the encoding task did not involve imagery, organization, or self-referent encod- ing; when the sentences did not describe implausible (bizarre) events; and when the memory measure reflected event access. We suggest that for recall, dependence on environmental context cues is partly a function of the degree to which available retrieval cues are provided by the target encoding per se.

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