Working as an Independent Contractor in Japan and the U.S.: Is It a Good Option for Married Women with Young Children?  

Oleh:

Zhou, Yanfei

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Japan Labor Review vol. 8 no. 1 (2011), page 103-124.
Topik: married women; independent contract; analysis; employment; research

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: JJ134.7 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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This research focuses on married women with children, and asks whether independent contract work, which is known as offering freedom and flexibility, is really an attractive option for such women, through a comparison of data from Japan and the U.S. The analysis results show that in both Japan and the U.S., women are more likely to be employed in independent contract work if they have children under the age of six, and that the greater the number of children they have the more likely they are to be employed as independent contractors. This indicates that it is an employment format that offers future opportunities when considered from the perspective of work-life balance. On the other hand, regular employees earn 1.5 times (in the U.S.) to 2.3 times (in Japan) the income of independent contractors, and the benefits and working conditions for independent contractors are poor. Furthermore, the probability of independent contractors falling into a situation where they are working for low pay of long hours is higher than regular employees by 17.1% points and 16.2% points, respectively, in the U.S., and by 47.1% points and 30.0% points, respectively, in Japan. This research established that independent contractors in Japan are particularly at risk of falling into "bad jobs" when compared to those in regular employment. This difference in benefits, etc., when compared with regular employees, can be partially accounted for by individual differences in educational attainment, social experience, residential area, etc., as well as individual preferences, but there is a significant proportion that remains unexplained by these factors.

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