Conditions for the voicing of Old English fricatives, II: morphology and syllable structure  

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Fulk, R. D.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: English Language and Linguistics (Full Text & ada di PROQUEST th. 2005 - terbaru) vol. 6 no. 1 (May 2002), page 81-104.
Fulltext: vol 6.1;81-104.pdf (173.76KB)

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Old English fricatives at points of morpheme juncture are studied to determine whether they conform to the rule of voicing between voiced sounds that applies morphemeinternally. Should we expect a voiced or a voiceless fricative in words like OE heor.- weorod, Wulfweard, and stãÅ.lãÅce? The evidence examined regards chie¯y compounds and quasi-compounds (the latter comprising both forms bearing clear derivational af®xes and `obscured' compounds, those in which the deuterotheme has lost its lexical independence), though a small amount of evidence in regard to voicing before in¯ectional suf®xes is considered. Evidence is derived from place-names, personal names, and common nouns, on the basis of Modern English standard pronunciation, assimilatory changes in Old English, modern dialect forms, post-Conquest and nonstandard Old English spellings, and analogous conditioning for the loss of OE /x/. A considerable preponderance of the evidence indicates that in compounds as well as in quasi-compounds, fricatives were voiced at the end of the prototheme when a voiced sound followed, but not a voiceless one. It follows from the evidence that there was no general devoicing of fricatives in syllable-®nal position in Old English, despite Anglo- Saxon scribes' use of for etymological [[] in occasional spellings like and . Old English spellings of this kind need be taken to imply nothing more than a tendency for and to be used interchangeably in noninitial positions, due to the noncontrastive distribution of the sounds they represent everywhere except morpheme-initially. Rare early Middle English spellings of this kind may or may not have a phonological basis, but they cannot plausibly be taken to evidence a phonological process affecting /v, ., z/.

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