Acid Deposition: Measures For Limiting Its Effects On Fresh Water Ecosystem And Its Case In Indonesia  

Oleh:

Sawir, Ismed

Jenis: Article from Bulletin/Magazine
Dalam koleksi: Jurnal Studi Indonesia vol. 7 no. 1 (Jan. 1997)
Topik: Acid Deposition; Acid Rain
Fulltext: Ismed Sawir.pdf (89.67KB)

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: JJ4 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Acid deposition was first found by "the father of acid rain" Robert Angus Smith, an English chemist, in 1872. He used the term "acid rain" to describe what he found; carbonate of ammonia in the fields, sulphate of ammonia in the suburbs, and sulphuric acid in town air (Howells, 1990). It was later recognised that the acidity occurring either on water or on land was not always related with rain. Its deposition is also created by gravity and wind which is called dry deposition. Based on these facts, authors such as Mybeck et.al. (1989), Hendrey (1985), Fernandez (1985), North et al. (1985), Forster (1985), and Mason (1991), then used the term "acid deposition". However, some authors such as Howells (1990), Elsworth (1984), Wellburn (1988), and Schindler (1988) still used the term acid rain. This paper uses the term of acid deposition. Acid deposition, a form of several kinds of air pollution, induces serious damages to the environment as a whole. Forest decline and crops damages (Elsom 1992) are two examples of its effects to the environment. It may create more serious problems than other pollution such as solid and liquid waste because its spread occurs in the atmosphere. It may create environmental damages not only locally and regionally but also globally. Acid deposition also influences freshwater and its ecosystem. This paper discusses the causes of acid deposition and their sources, deposition processes, its effects on freshwater and water ecosystem, and measures that may be applied to limit either its causes or effects. It also discusses the possibility of the case of acid deposition in Indonesia.

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