Detail Adolescent Reproductive Health in Indonesia: Status, Policies, Programs, and Issues Bibliografi Author: Utomo, Iwu Dwisetyani Topik: assessment of adolescent reproductive health; ARH; Indonesia Bahasa: (EN )     Penerbit: United States Agency for International Development     Tempat Terbit: Washington, D.C    Tahun Terbit: 2003     Jenis: Research Report Fulltext: adolescent reproductive health.pdf (1.25MB; 3 download) Abstract This assessment of adolescent reproductive health(ARH) in Indonesia is part of a series of assessments in 13 countries in Asia and the Near East. The purpose of the assessments is to highlight the reproductive health status of adolescents in each country, within the context of the lives of adolescent boys and girls. The report begins with social context and gender socialization that set girls and boys on separate lifetime paths in terms of life expectations, educational attainment, job prospects, labor force participation, reproduction, and duties in the household. The report also outlines laws and policies that pertain to ARH and discusses information and service delivery programs that provide reproductive health information and services to adolescents. The report identifies operational barriers to ARH and ends with recommendations for action to improve ARH in Indonesia. Adolescence can be defined as the bridge between childhood and adulthood. It is a time of rapid development—growing to sexual maturity, discovering oneself, defining personal values, and finding or being assigned vocational and social directions. The period of young adulthood is characterized by a very “demographically dense phase,” meaning that it is in this age group that more demographic actions occur than at any other stage in life. Fertility, residential mobility, and marriage are highest in this age group. The density of events during the adolescent years is even more dramatic during periods of rapid social change because “young people are typically the engines of social change.” Young people are moving, acquiring more education, and filling new occupations. Young people have more freedom than older people to respond to changing circumstances. What makes this age group different from any other life stage, however, is its emerging reproductive capability; sexuality is a major theme, especially among adolescents. Young people today face a far more complex world in terms of globalization, the spread of mass media, increased international migration, economic and political crisis, global violence and war, and increasing access to drugs and alcohol. The perception of adolescence as a difficult and problematic stage adds to the social stigma that adolescents must cope with, particularly adolescent males who are labeled by society as prone to risky behaviors. Indeed, young people are highly vulnerable to exposure to various risks and health risks in particular, especially those related to sex and reproduction. In 2000, there were 43.3 million young people ages 15–24 in Indonesia (Figure 1), comprising 21 percent of the total population. In 2020, the UN projects a population of 41.4 million young people ages 15– 24—15.8 percent of the population. Figure 2 shows that educational attainment has increased for both girls and boys. While a larger percentage of boys compared with girls have completed a secondary education or more, larger percentages of girls compared with boys are in the no education, primary incomplete, and completed primary/some secondary school categories. More young men than young women work (Figure 3). Marriage and childbearing are socially important. In 2000, ever-married women ages 15–24 contributed nearly 2.1 million births to Indonesia’s total fertility, and that number will continue to rise through 2020 (Figure 4). Unmet need for family planning among ever-married women ages 15–19 declined from 15.6 percent in 1991 to 9.1 percent in 1997, and among ever-married women ages 20–24 it declined from 13.6 percent in 1991 to 8.6 percent in 1997.Since 2000, Indonesia has made some progress in identifying the reproductive health needs of adolescents and in defining policy options. There is a recognized need for better sex and reproductive health education in schools, particularly in light of the growing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS in the country. However, due to political sensitivity surrounding the issue of ARH, policy dialogue has yet to be translated into programs serving the needs of adolescents. Urgent policy issues include reviewing the Law on Population Development and Family Welfare, Law No. 10/1992 and revising it to ensure that reproductive health and life skills education are in the school curricula and the restriction of family planning services for single young people is lifted. Reproductive health services for single young people should be provided and offered in a friendly and confidential environment so that those in need may access services without being stigmatized. Additionally, Law No. 23/1992 defines abortion as illegal. Section 2, paragraph (1 and 2) states: In case of emergency, and with the purpose of saving the life of a pregnant woman or her fetus, it is permissible to carry out certain medical procedures. Medical procedures in the form of abortion, for any reason, are forbidden as they violate legal norms, ethical norms, and norms of propriety. Nevertheless, in case of emergency and with the purpose of saving the life of a pregnant woman and/or the fetus in her womb, it is permissible to carry out certain medical procedures. The law, however, contradicts itself. On the one hand, if the life of the pregnant woman is threatened, abortion under certain medical procedures is necessary. On the other hand, such medical procedures for any reason violate legal norms. Thus, if confronted with premarital pregnancies, female adolescents often turn to unsafe abortion and risk their lives in the hands of unprofessional assistants and traditional healers. Marriage Law No. 1/1974, which gives authorization to 16 year-old girls and 19 year-old boys to get married, should also be reviewed. Although more than one in five Indonesians is between 15 and 24 years old, Indonesia’s policy and program agendas have neglected adolescents and have primarily concentrated on improving the survival and development of under-fives and elementary school-age children.Hence, Indonesia’s adolescents and youth remain poorly prepared for the reproductive health challenges and responsibilities they will face as they move into their reproductive years. Opini Anda Klik untuk menuliskan opini Anda tentang koleksi ini! Lihat Sejarah Pengadaan  Konversi Metadata   Kembali

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