| The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of parent involvement in the achievement of at-risk students in grades 2–5. Existing research has focused on the effects of middle-income and government-funded Parent-Involvement Programs (PIPs), but not very much on low-income or at-risk school PIPs. This analytic study used a sample of 400 students, 400 parents, and 200 teachers in Palm Beach County, Florida. The purpose was to augment previous research by examining 5 relationships affecting the degree of parent participation: Attitudes and expectations of parents and teachers; education of parents; income; student performance, according to the pre-Iowa Test of Basic Skills; methods to stimulate parent involvement based on the observation of this program. The study found that parent-involvement was important but parents required help in education, job-training, life skills, social economics, and parenting skills. |