Workplace Bullying, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction in Junior Doctors  

Oleh:

Quine, Lyn

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics (keterangan: ada di Proquest) vol. 12 no. 01 (2003), page 91.

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Perpustakaan FK Nomor Panggil: C01.K Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Workplace bullying has been recognized as a major occupational stressor since the mid 1980s.1,2,3 A number of different terms have been used to describe it, including employee abuse,4 emotional abuse,s mistreatment and neglect at work,6 mobbing?,8 and harassment.9 In the United Kingdom, a number of reports from trades unions illustrating the pain, psychological distress, physical illness, and career damage suffered by the victims of bullying first drew attention to the issue.1O,1l,12 However, academic interest in the issue began only recently, and there are still few empirical studies. The most systematic research comes from Scandinavia, where there is strong public awareness and antibul¬lying legislationy,14 In the school-based literature, bullying is defined as a subset of aggressive behaviors involving three criteria: it is intentional harm-doing, involves an imbalance of power between the victim and the bully, and is carried out repeatedly and over time.1s Three main types are identified: direct physical bullying, verbal bullying, and indirect bullying. Definition of workplace bully¬ ing presents the researcher with significantly more difficulties, for there is no clear agreement on what constitutes adult bullying, whether it refers to a range of behaviors or can be expressed in a single definition. Physical bullying is rarely reported,16 but the workplace presents unique opportunities for a wide range of aggressive and intimidating behaviors. Most existing definitions incor¬porate three elements. First, in line with case-law definitions in the related areas of racial and sexual harassment, the perceptions of the behavior by the victim, not the intention of the perpetrator, determines whether bullying has occurred. Thus it is subject to differences in personal perceptions. Second, there must be a negative effect on the victimP See for example, one of the most widely used definitions, that of the U.K. Manufacturing, Science, and Finance Union (MSF):

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