| This article examines the implications of the escalation in institutional investor power and heterogeneity for two dominant theories of corporate governance: agency theory and stakeholder theory. From this analysis, a new view of the agency relationship between institutional investors and their portfolio firms emerges, which recognizes the institutions? market power, complex role as financial intermediaries, and possible involvement in simultaneous and opposing agency contracts. We also conclude that stakeholder theorists should reconsider these newly empowered shareholders?moral standing in relation to their portfolio firms, and they should reexamine the identities and goals of these modern investors. To that end, we demonstrate that a novel, intragroup application of Mitchell, Agle, andWood?s stakeholder framework to heterogeneous institutional investors illuminates their varying levels of stakeholder salience. |