The Adapted American City a Study of Institutional Dynamics  

Oleh:

Frederickson, H. George ; Johnson, Gary Alan

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Urban Affairs Review vol. 36 no. 6 (Jul. 2001), page 872-884.
Topik: mayor-council; council-manager cities; institutional dynamics
Fulltext: 872UAR366.pdf (60.54KB)

Isi artikel

Almost all U.S. cities are established by state charter as either mayor-council or council-manager cities. For decades, these two legal-statutory categories have been used by researchers as dichotomous variables in descriptions of city government form and in statistical equations. This study indicates that the mayor-council and council-manager categories, although legally based, mask several important empirical characteristics of U.S. city government. Using a large data set, the authors indicate that the structures of U.S. cities are surprisingly dynamic. Cities tend to change their structures incrementally. Over time, cities with mayor-council statutory platforms will incrementally adapt many of the characteristics of council-manager form cities to improve their management and productivity capabilities. Over time, cities with council-manager statutory platforms will adopt features of mayor-council form cities to increase their political responsiveness, leadership, and accounting capabilities. Because each of the two legal forms of cities adopts primary features of the other, these cities nowconstitute a third form of the U.S. city—the adapted city.

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