The Future is Now : Prospective Temporal Self-Appraisals Among Defensive Pessimists and Optimists  

Oleh:

Sanna, Lawrence J. ; Carter, Seth E. ; Chang, Edward C. ; Small, Eulena M.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pspc) vol. 32 no. 06 (2006), page 727-739.
Topik: defensive processing; defensive pessimism; temporal self - appraisal; future predictions; time
Fulltext: 727.pdf (178.86KB)

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: PP45.26 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Three studies found that prospective temporal self - appraisals can be part of defensive pessimists’ strategy; they felt closer to equally distant negative than positive futures. In Study 1, defensive pessimists felt closer to future failures and reported more negative affect than those considering success. In Study 2, when manipulated negative futures were close, defensive pessimists felt bad and performed well; results suggested that viewing negative futures as close may be part of their natural strategy. Study 3 found that prospective self - appraisals influenced performances through felt preparation. Optimists did not use prospective self - appraisals (Study 1) and their performances were unaffected by manipulated temporal distance (Studies 2 and 3). Discussion centers on prospective self - appraisals and multiple strategies of defensive pessimists.

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