Whither Guns, Goons, and Gold? The Decline of Factional Election Violence in the Philippines  

Oleh:

Linantud, John L.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs vol. 20 no. 03 (Dec. 1998), page 298-318.
Topik: Election; Philipines

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan PKPM Nomor Panggil: C12 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

This article examines the decline of non-ideological factional violence in Philippine elections since 1986. The factors responsible for past violence - political clans, a weak state, social disorder, and a confrontational political subculture have not changed enough to account for safer elections. Instead, the emergence of the military and church is the biggest change in politics since martial law. Due to the rise of the military and church, civilians no longer dominate politics as they once did, and factional poll violence has declined. Election violence, however, is still a serious problem. Church participation is of particular importance for democratic consolidation because it institutionalizes non-violent participation. But without economic modernization, politics will remain desperate, and elections will require extensive church and military deployments to minimize bloodshed.

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