Models of Proximate and Ultimate Causation in Psychology  

Oleh:

Alessi, Galen

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: American Psychologist vol. 47 no. 11 (Nov. 1992), page 1359-1371.

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan PKPM Nomor Panggil: A88 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

B. F Skinner saw behavior as a product of three levels of evolution. J. R. Kantor and Gregory Bateson noted similar relations. This article describes and applies basic evolulionary concepts to each level: (a) phylogenie, (b) ontogenic, and (c) cultural evolution. Each level is analyzed in terms of (a) units of selection, (b) variety of units required for the selection process, (c) selection pressures, (d) interactions among levels, and (e) implications for understanding and predicting behavior. Distinguishing between models of proximate and ultimate causation, as in biology, may help clarify research problems posed by, and facilitate better communication among, psychologists.

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