| This research is intended to explore the direct and indirect factors affecting the success of small-scale entrepreneurs, especially in Indonesian context. The major focus of this study is innovative behaviour since innovation and creativity are used to describe entrepreneurial behaviour. Innovative behaviour emphasizes way of thinking, i.e. whether one tends to make adaptive or creative decisions (Kirton, 1973, 1989). Innovative behaviour is thus a personality concept (Kirton, 1973; Goldsmith, 1980). Since innovative behaviour is determined by particular traits, this study investigates the influence of Sukardi's (1991) nine characteristics of entrepreneur on innovative behaviour. The study also investigated the influence of Miner's (1996) personality types and adversity types of Stoltz (1997) on innovative behaviour since this concept is, according to its inventor, may predict success in entrepreneurship. This research involves 161 entrepreneurs in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. Analysis of structural equation model of Linear Structural Relation (LISREL) indicated that: (1) nine characteristics of entrepreneur has direct and significant impact on innovative behaviour, (2) personality types from Miner has direct and significant impact on the innovative behaviour, (3) adversity types from Stoltz has no direct and significant impact on innovative behaviour, (4) nine characteristics of entrepreneur has indirect and significant impact on the success of entrepreneurship, (5) personality types from Miner has indirect and significant impact on the success of entrepreneurship, (6) adversity types from Stoltz has no indirect and significant impact on the success of entrepreneurship. The result of this study thus wards off the living opinion that the prominent traits in Asian culture, including Indonesia, namely high power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and femininity hampered the creation of innovative entrepreneurial traits (Hofstede, 1991; Meng & Liang, 1996; Soekarton, 1992). Generally speaking, the innovative entrepreneurial traits of Indonesian respondents are adaptive innovative ones. These innovative adaptive traits are likely formed under cultural influences. In the like manner, conformity-oriented culture of Japan eventually breeds its own forms of creativity and originality (Drucker & Nakauchi, 1997). |