Walnuts Consumed by Healthy Adults Provide Less Available Energy than Predicted by the Atwater Factors  

Oleh:

Baer, David J. ; Gebauer, Sarah K. ; Novotny, Janet A.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: JN: The Journal of Nutrition vol. 146 no. 01 (Jan. 2016), page 9-13.
Topik: Metabolizable Energy; Walnuts; Nuts; Macronutrient Digestibility; Atwater Factors; Calories
Fulltext: J42 v146 n1 p9 kelik2016.pdf (593.0KB)

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Perpustakaan FK Nomor Panggil: J42.K Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Background: Previous studies have shown that the metabolizable energy (ME) content (energy available to the body) of certain nuts is less than predicted by the Atwater factors. However, very few nuts have been investigated to date, and no information is available regarding the ME of walnuts. Objective: A study was conducted to determine the ME of walnuts when consumed as part of a typical American diet. Methods: Healthy adults (n = 18; mean age = 53.1 y; body mass index = 28.8 kg/m2) participated in a randomized crossover study with 2 treatment periods (3 wk each). The study was a fully controlled dietary feeding intervention in which the same base diet was consumed during each treatment period; the base diet was unsupplemented during one feeding period and supplemented with 42 g walnuts/d during the other feeding period. Base diet foods were reduced in equal proportions during the walnut period to achieve isocaloric food intake during the 2 periods. After a 9 d diet acclimation period, subjects collected all urine and feces for ~1 wk (as marked by a Brilliant Blue fecal collection marker) for analysis of energy content. Administered diets, walnuts, and fecal and urine samples were subjected to bomb calorimetry, and the resulting data were used to calculate the ME of the walnuts. Results: One 28-g serving of walnuts contained 146 kcal (5.22 kcal/g), 39 kcal/serving less than the calculated value of 185 kcal/serving (6.61 kcal/g). The ME of the walnuts was 21% less than that predicted by the Atwater factors (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Consistent with other tree nuts, Atwater factors overestimate the metabolizable energy value of walnuts. These results could help explain the observations that consumers of nuts do not gain excessive weight and could improve the accuracy of food labeling. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01832909.

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