The Employment of People with Mental Disabilities in Japan:  

Oleh:

Kurachi, Nobuaki

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Japan Labor Review vol. 12 no. 1 (2015), page 38-56.
Topik: Mental Disabilities; Traditionally Provided; Human Rigth; Employment; ILO Convention no.159 in 1992; Develop Employment Opportunities; Psychiatric Institutions

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: JJ134 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Support for people with mental disabilities in Japan was traditionally provided in the form of medical care and was strongly focused on protecting society from crime. As a result, Japan has been suffered from a bad reputation of the longest period of hospitalization and the highest number of beds for patients with mental disabilities in the world. One of the negative side effects of this fact involves the problem of human right issues such that the patient’s initiative in the treatment has been completely ignored by the doctor-oriented medical practice. Welfare and employment support measures for people with mental disabilities have been developed since the 1980s, but the traditional psychiatric care models have had a pervasive influence on such measures. As people with mental disabilities were considered to require medical care rather than support for social rehabilitation, there was a delay in introducing employment support initiatives, which were first introduced with the enforcement of the Act on Employment Promotion etc. of Persons with Disabilities and the Mental Health Act in 1988. From that time on, employment support initiatives for people with mental disabilities were developed at a rapid pace, and with the ratification of the ILO Convention No. 159 in 1992, became almost equal with the support provided to people with physical and intellectual disabilities, with the only exception that people with mental disabilities were not yet included in the employment quota system defining the ratio of people with disabilities that companies are obliged to employ. In 2006, people with mental disabilities were included in the employment quota system and from 2018 they are scheduled to have terms that are equal with those of people with physical and intellectual disabilities. The recent years have seen increasing diversity in how mental disabilities are perceived and people with severe mental disabilities are also being offered employment support. Companies are also obliged to further develop employment opportunities for people with disabilities, and in the future it will be necessary for specialists from employment agencies to actively support companies in developing such initiatives. Moreover, as the perceptions of mental disabilities become increasingly more diverse, the diagnostic techniques of psychiatric institutions will need to be improved.

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