Community-Based Flood Hazards Mapping for Risk Reduction in Flood Prone Areas: Case Study at Kudus Regency, Kudus  

Oleh:

SETYAWAN, Catur Basuki

Jenis: Article from Proceeding
Dalam koleksi: Proceeding The 1st International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials (SCESCM) di Yogyakarta, September 11 – 13, 2012, page 334-346.
Topik: Community Perception; Flood Hazard Mapping; GIS; Mitigation and Risk reduction
Fulltext: 46.pdf (2.35MB)

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Flooding has become a significant urban problem in Indonesia within this past decade. However the community, as the main victim of flood hazard, may not have similar perceptions on the flood hazards and on how to counter it. Therefore this study explores the origin of community perception about flood hazard and applied it into flood hazard mapping, which is based-on community perception and action to reduce the impact of flood hazards. The aims of this study are: 1) mapping flood hazard area based on land physical characters and local community perceptions of flood hazards risk, 2) identifying the coping strategy to flood hazards risk reduction, and 3) identify the suitable mitigation action based on the community perception. This study interviewed 147 households by questionnaire sheets in Kudus Regency, Indonesia. This location has flood prone areas due to its topography on the flat and intermountain basin area, but many people keep staying in here. Flood hazard mapping based on community perception is produced from overlaid between flood mapping based on land physical characters and community perception. Through scoring analysis and GIS model, the result shows that almost 50% area of Kudus Regency is potential for flooding hazard. Most of hazardous areas are located at the south part of Kudus Regency, which has land physical characteristic of plain areas with 50% of clay material soil and use as rice field. These land physical characters cause longer process of soil infiltration and consequently cause higher surface runoff depth for longer period. The community’s coping strategies are applied to reduce the impact of flood hazard. These analyses reveal three coping strategies, which have been developed by local people to adapt the negative impacts of flood: technology/structural building, social and economic. The structural building strategy became the main influence factor due to the enormous destruction of these floods. People constructed their first floor higher and strengthen it to reduce damages on their properties, while the wealthy ones typically constructed second floor, or made traditional tool “wuwungan”. In term of social strategy, people who live inside and outside of these flood prone areas were working together to clean their muddy environment and rebuild the damaged. Unfortunately, this good behavior only conducted momentarily during and after the flood hazard. Therefore, community should conduct this behavior regularly to keep their environment and canal in clean condition. In term of economy strategy, the result shows that some local people try to save their property such as television, electronic, furniture, and clothes to the safety and higher place. However, both social and economic strategies do not have significant influences among these communities. In order to mitigate flood hazard disasters, community should ask the government to construct some retention areas in the highly prone areas, such as in Karangrowo Villages at Undaan District, Jetis Kapuan village at Jati District, and Kirig Village at Mejobo District. The other solutions are to restore Wulan and Juwana River frequently and strengthen the Undaan embankment. Flood management should be improved, which include improving function of Wilalung flood gate, improving the early warning system, establishing the disaster group discussions, action, training, education and socialization about flood disaster (emergency response, evacuate, law and regulation, etc.). In addition, there is a need of intensive coordination between government and community as the victims of flood hazards.

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