Japan's Period of High Economic Growth and Science and Technology Education: The Role of Higher Education Institutions  

Oleh:

Ito, Akihiro

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Japan Labor Review vol. 11 no. 3 (2014), page 035-057.
Topik: Japan’s Science and Technology Reinforcement Policies; Reinforcement of Training of Scientists and Engineers; National Income-Doubling Plan; 20; 000-Student Plan; University Applicants; “College of Technology” System;
Fulltext: JLR43_itoh.pdf (1.24MB)

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: JJ130.10 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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The intent of this paper is to exam ine quantitative expansion in technology education during the high economic growth period, and its consequences, with a particular focus on the reinforcement of science and technology at institu- tions of higher education. Over the 1955 ? 1975 period the number of science and technology students nearly quintupled , and the bulk of this growth was the result of three governmental plans to boost student capacity in these fields, which are referred to as “the 8,000-St udent Plan,” “the 20,000-Student Plan” and “the Rapid Increase Plan.” The first tw o of these were essentially a part of Japan’s manpower strategy aimed at achieving economic growth. However, even amid favorable economic conditions the implementation of these plans did not progress smoothly, and in partic ular it was difficult to regulate the quantitative scale of growth at public (non-national) universities and private universities. For this reason the government was forced to provide massive fi- nancial support for these institutions in exchange for cooperation with the plan. Also, while the effort to reinforce sc ience and technology education involved the establishment of a new school form at known as “colleges of technology,” most of the quantitative expansion during this period took place in the under- graduate faculties of universities. A dditionally, these reinforcement efforts were dependent on the strong ambition of private universities to create new faculties and expand existing ones. Amid consistently strong demand for hu- man resources throughout the high econom ic growth period, the demand for engineers was particularly high during the 1960s, and the reinforcement of science and technology fed this demand. In the 1970s, however, the technical job market grew oversaturated, and gra duates branched out into other fields. Through all this, there was only a highl y tenuous relationship between science and technology reinforcement measures and Japan’ s national development plans.

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