Classical Conditioning  

Oleh:

Lieberman, David A.

Jenis: Article from Books - E-Book
Dalam koleksi: Human Learning and Memory, page 48-91.
Topik: Associative Context; Pavlov’s Conditioned Re?exes; Behaviors; Conditioning Motives and Emotions
Fulltext: Classical Conditioning.pdf (344.82KB)

Isi artikel

A dog stands motionless in the middle of a room, immobilized by a leather harness. The room is very quiet, all outside sound blocked by one-foot-thick concrete walls. A bell rings, and the dog turns toward the bell but otherwise shows little reaction. Five seconds later, the dog is presented food powder through a long rubber tube. The silence returns. Ten minutes pass; the bell sounds again and, as before, is followed by food. Ten more minutes pass. Again the bell sounds, but this time the dog begins to move restlessly in its harness, saliva dripping from its mouth. As the trials continue, the dog appears increasingly excited when the bell sounds, with more and more saliva ?owing into a tube that has been surgically implanted in the dog’s mouth. The saliva ?ows through the tube into an adjoining room where technicians record the number of drops. When word of this experiment reached other scientists, the news was greeted with tremendous excitement. Within a few years, virtually every psychologist in the world knew the experimenter, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Within a few decades, his research had become perhaps the best known in the history of science, ranking with the legendary fall of an apple onto Isaac Newton’s head. Why all the excitement? What was so interesting about the fact that a dog could be trained to salivate? In this chapter we will try to answer these questions. We will look at what Pavlov discovered and why other scientists thought it so important. And we will consider what subsequent research has revealed about the surprisingly powerful role of conditioning in shaping our lives.

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