Evaluating Parapsychological Claims  

Oleh:

Hyman, Ray

Jenis: Article from Books - E-Book
Dalam koleksi: Critical Thinking in Psychology, page 216-231.
Topik: Parapsychological Claims; Critical Thinking; The Hyman–Honorton Debate; The Autoganzfeld Experiments
Fulltext: Evaluating Parapsychological Claims.pdf (115.12KB)

Isi artikel

What, indeed, makes a claim “parapsychological?” The term parapsychology was borrowed by J. B. Rhine to refer to what previously had been called psychical research. With the new label, Rhine wanted to promote an experimental science. Previous to Rhine, psychical research had focused on ?eld investigations of haunted houses, tests of spiritualist mediums, surveys of premonitory dreams, and other dramatic, but controversial, paranormal claims. Rhine wanted parapsychology to focus on quantitative evidence obtained in controlled, laboratory settings. Beginning in the 1930s, parapsychologists started accumulating experimental evidence for the existence of extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK). According to the glossary in the back of The Journal of Parapsychology, ESP is de?ned as “Experience of, or response to, a target object, state, event, or in?uence without sensory contact.” ESP includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. PK is de?ned as “The extramotor aspect of psi: a direct (i.e., mental but nonmuscular) in?uence exerted by the subject on an external physical process, condition, or object.” In other words PK implies that humans can mentally in?uence the external world without physical contact.

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