When to Use Your Head and When to Use Your Heart: The Differential Value of Perspective-Taking Versus Empathy in Competitive Interactions  

Oleh:

Gilin, Debra ; Maddux, William W. ; Galinsky, Adam D. ; Carpenter, Jordan

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pspc) vol. 39 no. 1 (Jan. 2013), page 3-16.
Topik: Perspective-taking; Empathy; Accuracy; Competition; Conflict
Fulltext: PSPB_39_01_3.pdf (1.07MB)

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: PP45.48 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Four studies explored whether perspective-taking and empathy would be differentially effective in mixed-motive competitions depending on whether the critical skills for success were more cognitively or emotionally based. Study 1 demonstrated that individual differences in perspective-taking, but not empathy, predicted increased distributive and integrative performance in a multiple-round war game that required a clear understanding of an opponent's strategic intentions. Conversely, both measures and manipulations of empathy proved more advantageous than perspective-taking in a relationship-based coalition game that required identifying the strength of interpersonal connections (Studies 2-3). Study 4 established a key process: perspective-takers were more accurate in cognitive understanding of others, whereas empathy produced stronger accuracy in emotional understanding. Perspective-taking and empathy were each useful but in different types of competitive, mixed-motive situations-their success depended on the task-competency match. These results demonstrate when to use your head versus your heart to achieve the best outcomes for oneself.

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