Functional relevance of interhemispheric fiber tracts in speech processing  

Oleh:

Steinmann, Saskia

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Journal of Neurolinguistics (Full Text) vol. 25 no. 1 (2012), page 1–12.
Topik: Speech processing Asymmetry Interhemispheric fibers Corpus Callosum Diffusion tensor Imaging Interindividual variability
Fulltext: Steinmann_Saskia.pdf (404.37KB)

Isi artikel

Speech processing requires a timely coordination of different relative broad distributed cortical and subcortical interhemispheric gray matter (GM) areas, which interact through white matter (WM) fiber tracts. These interacting large-scale brain networks have to identify different linguistical types, such as phonemes, morphemes, syllables, phrases, words, plus the syntactic relation between them as well as the prosodic information: The linguistic processing is mainly arranged by the perisylvian region in the left hemisphere (LH), whereas same regions in the right hemisphere (RH) seems to be specialized in the implementation of prosodic information. Prosody comprises individual intonation, accent pattern and rhythm and, among others, contributes to the linguistic structure of an utterance (e.g. indicating word- and sentence structure) as well as conveys affective and emotional information. Thus, both hemispheres seem to contribute to speech processes differentially and have to coordinate their information via the Corpus Callosum (CC). Recent MRI study revealed a remarkable interindividual variability in size and shape of the CC. Findings based on DTI measurements evinced, that stronger anatomical fibers supported a better information transfer and consequently improved speech perception. This detection indicates a specific structure–function relationship, which seems to be interindividual different. The following review article will discuss recent findings concerning the structure–function relationship of the interhemispheric pathways in speech processing as well as their contribution in speech-related symptoms like dyslexia, stutter and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH).

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