| The study is designed to compare periodontal status of type-2 diabetic smokers, diabetic nonsmokers, and non-diabetic non-smokers. Periodontal status of well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetic smokers and non-smokers was also compared. Cross-sectional study was done on 119 patients with chronic periodontitis, consisting of 20 diabetic smokers (group I), 59 diabetic nonsmokers (group II), and 40 non-diabetic non-smokers (group III). Clinical status of all teeth was assessed using plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and oral hygiene index (OHI). Periodontal examination was evaluated using papillary bleeding index (PBI), pocket depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Group 1 and 2 were further divided into 4 groups: well-controlled diabetic smokers and non-smokers, and poorly controlled diabetic smokers and non-smokers. Comparison of clinical and periodontal parameters were also done. Results showed significant differences in CI, PBI, PD, GR, and CAL between diabetic groups, both smokers and non-smokers, and non-diabetic non-smokers. No significant differences were found in any parameters between well-controlled diabetic smokers and non-smokers, as well as poorly controlled diabetic smokers and non-smokers. In conclusion, poor glycemic level can aggravate periodontal breakdown in chronic periodontitis patients. Nevertheless, smoking seems to have little effect on the periodontal destruction in diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. |