Effects of nondiscrepanat and discrepant information on the use of base rates  

Oleh:

Davidson, Denise ; Hirtle, Stephen C.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The American Journal of Psychology vol. 103 no. 3 (1990), page 343.
Topik: Information; Discrepant; Base Rate
Fulltext: 1423214.pdf (1.41MB)

Isi artikel

Past research suggests that the tendency to use the representativeness heuristic may explain, in part, the neglect of base-rate information in favor of descriptive information about an individual. In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that base rates will be utilized when the perceived diagnosticity of the descriptive information is diminished. Unlike previous studies, however, neither the base-rate nor the descriptive information about the target was altered. Instead, additional information was provided about nontarget individuals in the relevant occupations. This consisted of brief descriptions written to either match (nondiscrepant conditions) or mismatch (discrepant conditions) stereotypes of people in these occupations. Consistent with previous research, subjects in the nondiscrepant conditions were more likely to base their judgments on the descriptive information than on the base rates. In contrast, subjects in the discrepant conditions were more likely to use the base-rate information. It is argued that exposure to information that is discrepant from stereotypes decreases the tendency to rely exclusively on descriptive information and increases the use of base-rate information.

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