Effectiveness of prewriting strategies as a function of task demands  

Oleh:

Kellogg, Ronald T.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The American Journal of Psychology vol. 103 no. 3 (1990), page 327.
Topik: Writing; Strategy; Essay
Fulltext: 1423213.pdf (1.58MB)

Isi artikel

College students wrote a short informative essay calling for analytical thinking. The students either began drafting without any prewriting time (control), first prepared a hierarchical written outline (outline), or first prepared a visual network of ideas and their relations (cluster). Task demands were also varied. The writing task either demanded generation and organization of ideas (topic), demanded organization but provided suggested ideas (topic and ideas), or provided both ideas and a possible organizational scheme (topic, ideas, and organization). The quality of the documents, in terms of content and style, the fluency of composing, and characteristics of the prewriting plans generated by outlining and clustering were measured. The results showed that outlining significantly improved the overall quality of documents and the fluency of drafting the text. The benefit of outlining was strongest for the topic condition and nonexistent for the topic, ideas, and organization condition. Clustering increased the number of ideas generated during prewriting, but had no impact on document quality and actually cost writers in terms of composing fluency based on total time spent on the task.

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