Is Consciousness What Psychologists Actually Examine ?  

Oleh:

Natsoulas, Thomas

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The American Journal of Psychology vol. 105 no. 03 (1992), page 363-384.
Topik: psychologist; Consciousness; Psychologists; Actually; Examine
Fulltext: 1423193.pdf (2.29MB)

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Perpustakaan PKPM Nomor Panggil: A12 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Psychologists are invited to discuss whether "consciousness is what psychologists actually examine." In making the latter claim, Anthony J. Marcel (1988) does not mean that consciousness is all of what psychologists actually examine. But Marcel's giving this reason for discussion in the way that he does implies clearly that consciousness is a substantial part of what psychologists have been examining all along. By consciousness, Marcel means phenomenal experience and includes reports based on direct acquaintance with phenomenal experience (though such reports are usually objects of secondary, methodological interest). In support of Marcel's thesis, I argue that the very common reports that psychologists collect in studies of perception, and so on, actually report phenomenal experiences of particular kinds. For example, how can you know and report what you are now perceiving unless you have direct acquaintance with the phenomenal experiences that are now involved in your perceiving what you are perceiving? Also, I argue that Gibson's (1979) account for the visual guidance of locomotion (an account that one might well expect to be free of reference to phenomenal experience) is driven back, for strong theoretical reasons, to direct acquaintance with phenomenal experience. If Gibson's account is correct, then much more behavior than reporting behavior depends on acquaintance with phenomenal experience. I also discuss the claim that one can visually guide one's behavior by means of a nonconscious process that selects what to do based on nonconscious visual representations.

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