Background: Obesity does not only occur in developed countries, but also in developing countries, therefore World Health Organization (WHO) declared obesity as a global pandemic. More than 50% people with obesity live in ten countries in the world, including Indonesia.Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children considered easier because they are still growing in height. Therefore, to address obesity in children, school is an important place for the primary prevention. SEHAT (Smart Eating and Healthy Activity) program is one of the obesity intervention programs in schools that involve parents, teacher, and students. This research was based on Social Learning Theory and health education and promotion model from Dignan and Carr.
Objective:To develop, implement, and evaluate health promotion model at school for obesity prevention to primary school students aged nine-eleven years.
Methods: This research used a mixed sequential exploratory design. In first phase, qualitative approach was used, continued with quantitative approach using quasi experimental non-randomized pre-test post-test controlled trial.This study took place in North Jakarta. SDN 01 Pejagalan and SD Methodist were intervention schools, while SDN Pademangan Timur 01 and SD St. Lukas 1 were control schools. This study consisted of 278 grade 4 and 5 primary school students aged nine-eleven with normal or overweight nutritional status. The numbers of sample in intervention group were 121 students and control group were 157 students.Research was done from August 2015-June 2016 with five-months interventions. P value of 0.05 set as cut-off for statistically significant results. Paired t-testand unpaired t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The result of this study showed a significant mean difference (p<0.05) between intervention and control groups in knowledge (1.28 vs 0.31), manner (1.85 vs 0.06), physical activity (0.14 vs -0.32), eating fruits and vegetables behavior (0.02 vs -0.78), andsedentary lifestyle (1,6 vs -0,76). Mean BMI differences (0.33 vs 0.71) between first and sixth measurement.
Conclusion: SEHAT program effectively increasing knowledge, manner, physical activity, eating fruits and vegetables behavior, sedentary lifestyle, and keeping students’ BMI steady. |