Reliable Power for HEVs  

Oleh:

Bin, Zhang ; Tisbe, Harold

Jenis: Article from Bulletin/Magazine - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Machine Design (Soft Copy ada dalam http://search.proquest.com/) vol. 82 no. 19 (Nov. 2010), page 69-74.
Topik: Hybrid-electric vehicles; Optocoupler; Isolated; CTR; Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHRSA); ECE-R 100 ; United Nations Economic Commission of Europe (UNECE);

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Consider the electrical system for a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). Because it powers traction motors, the electrical system on hybrids can easily reach several hundred volts and handle power levels into the kilowatt range or higher. Hybrids typically use dc-dc converters to boost the voltage from a high-voltage battery high enough to power the traction motor and also for reducing voltages to around 14 V for ordinary vehicular electronics. In HEVs, both ac-dc and dc-dc converters are key building blocks. For example, Prius models made after 2003 have a main battery voltage of about 200 V. Dc-dc converters step down the main battery voltage to 12 V for charging the auxiliary battery and for powering auxiliary circuits. There are additional step-down conversions to 5, 15, and 24 V for various other operations. On plug-in hybrids, ac-dc converters take power from the utility grid for battery charging. These chargers are typically high-power converters ranging from a few hun¬dred watts up to 2 kW with output voltage between 48 and 300 V. Because severe high voltages are present, it is imperative to add safety insulation against shock hazards. Designers must build in galvanic isolation between the primary and secondary of both ac-dc and dc-dc converters because of the presence of hazardous high voltage (above 25 Vac or 60 Vdc). The standards and regulations for HEV are still being worked out, but there are already a handful of international and national standards that apply. They include the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) FMVSS 305 standard which applies for vehicles that use more than 48 V for propulsion power. It is en¬forced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHRSA) of the U. S. Dept. of Transportation. It's designed to avoid fatalities and injuries during a crash caused by electrolyte spillage from propulsion batteries, intrusion of propulsion battery-system components into the occupant compartment, and electric shock. The requirement states the isolation barrier between battery and exposed conductive part should maintain 500 Q/V before and after the crash impact. ECE-R 100 is another regulation set forth by the United Nations Economic Commission of Europe (UNECE) and is widely adopted in the EU. Its scope covers electric.

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