Backgrounds. Smoking is one of major health issues in Indonesia. Number of
smokers in Indonesia has been increasing from year to year. Smoking is initially
being enjoyed paticulary in men, but nowadays, women also start to smoking
regulary. In Indonesia, the number of women who smoke had been increased from
1,2% in 2007 to 6% in 2011. And it is believed, this number would even increase in
upcoming years. Some of women will experience pregnancy in her life, and smoking
would somehow affect the birth outcomes of the infant. One of the important
outcome would be it’s risk for having low birth weight infant.
Objectives. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of maternal smoking in
relation of having low birth weight infant.
Methodology. This is a literature study that discusses maternal smoking and its
contribution to have a low birth weight infant. Study was conducted by finding,
choosing and analyzing articles based on several criteria which is focusing on
maternal smoking and its effect on low birth weight infant. The inclusion criteria of
journals were (1) used local and international journals; (2) reviewed articles
published within the past 10 years; (3) Focused on studies with a large number of
sample (100 was the minimal number of samples); (4) reviewed studies with several
certain methodologies which were descriptive and analytic, review articles and
meta-analyzes studies.
Conclusions. Literature review showed that maternal smoking has significant
contribution for the weight of the infant being low, and two substances that may
have the role are nicotine and carbonmonoxide (CO).
Suggestions. Similar studies need to be conducted, especially in finding out the
mechanisms of low birth weight infant in maternal smoking. It is also important to
find out the possible role of substances other than nicotine and CO in cigarette of
maternal smoking, in risking the outcome of infant being low birth weight. |