Shared Genetic Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease  

Oleh:

Plenge, Robert M.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: The New England Journal of Medicine (keterangan: ada di Proquest) vol. 359 no. 26 (Dec. 2008), page 2837-2838.
Topik: Genetic risk factors; type 1 diabetes; celiac disease

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan FK Nomor Panggil: N08.K.2008.06 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

Some families seem to be afflicted with more than their fair share of chronic illness — and sometimes more than one. Why does a particular disease develop in some members of a given family, whereas other members fall victim to apparently unrelated conditions? A simple model is that exposure to environmental risk factors in a genetically susceptible host leads to disease. A particular combination of genetic and environmental risk factors (together with chance and bad luck) leads to one disease, and another combination of factors leads to a different disease. Because members of the same family have exposure to many of the same genes and environmental factors, they are more likely to have a related set of diseases, assuming that the diseases share common risk factors. Although this model is appealing, few bona fide examples of such shared risk factors have been documented to date. In this issue of the Journal, Smyth and colleagues provide an answer to the question of why some families seem to have an undue susceptibility to two autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease. The study identified up to 15 genetic risk variants (or alleles) that contribute to both diseases and simultaneously demonstrated that 13 alleles were specific to one disease or the other. These observations support an emerging model of shared genetic risk factors for many common diseases, which may, in turn, identify previously unexpected biologic pathways that link diseases together. In type 1 diabetes, which generally presents in childhood, the endocrine pancreas is attacked and destroyed by the body's immune system. Celiac disease is also autoimmune in nature, but it is the small intestinal mucosa that is attacked, leading to a chronic enteropathy caused by intolerance to gluten.

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