Microbial Risk Assessment Of Source-Separated Urine Used In Agriculture  

Oleh:

Höglund, Caroline ; Stenström, Thor Axel ; Ashbolt, Nicholas

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Waste Management & Research vol. 20 no. 2 (Apr. 2002), page 150-161.
Topik: Urine separation; risk assessment; QMRA; enteric pathogens; crop fertiliser; Campylobacter jejuni; Cryptosporidium parvum; rotavirus ; wmr 472–3
Fulltext: 150.pdf (473.15KB)

Isi artikel

A screening-level quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was undertaken for a urine separating sewerage system. Exposures evaluated included the handling of stored and unstored urine as well as consumption of crops fertilised with urine. Faecal cross-contamination was the source of risk and Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium parvum and rotavirus were the organisms chosen to represent different groups of enteric pathogens. Accidental ingestion of unstored urine implied a high risk (Pinf = 0.56) for infection from rotavirus whereas the risks for infection from bacteria and protozoa were approximately 1:10 000. After six months storage at 20°C the risk for viral infections by accidental ingestion of 1 ml of urine was <10–3, the suggested acceptable risk benchmark. Ingestion of crops contaminated with urine resulted in risks of <10–5 after a 3-week (<10–7 after 4 weeks) withholding period between fertilising and harvesting.

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