After 25 years of scientific study, I believe that three statements can be supported on the basis of established laws of science and direct observations on the Shroud of Turin.
1. The radiocarbon age determination made in 1988 used an invalid sample, and it gave an erroneous date for the production of the main part of the cloth.
2. The hypotheses that have appeared since the announcement of an AD 1260-1390 date that invoke radiation of different kinds to explain the image and the date can be categorically discarded.
3. The characteristics of the image can be explained by reference to highly probable, well-known chemical reactions. No miracles are necessary to explain the image. |