Social Class Differences in Self, Attribution, and Attention: Socially Expansive Individualism of Middle-Class Americans  

Oleh:

Bowman, Nicholas A. ; Kitayama, Shinobu ; Nisbett, Richard E.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pspc) vol. 35 no. 7 (Jul. 2009), page 880-893.
Topik: Social Class; Independence; Attribution; Cognition; United States
Fulltext: PSPB_35_07_880.pdf (693.01KB)

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: PP45.38 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

Although U.S. culture strongly sanctions the ideal of independence, the specific ways inw hich independence is realized may be variable depending, among other factors, ons ocial class. Characterized by relative scarcity of social and material resources, working-class (WC) Americans were expected to strongly value self-reliance. In contrast, with choices among abundant resources, middle-class (MC) Americans were expected to value personal control and social expansiveness. In support of this analysis, relative to their WC counterparts, MC Americans reported more support from friends and greater likelihood of giving and receiving advice but less self-reliance (Study 1). Furthermore, we found evidence that this social differnce has cognitive consequences: College students with MC backgrounds were more likely than their WC counterparts were to endorse situational attributions for others' behavior (Studies 2a and 2b) as well as to show holistic visual attention (Study 3).

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