Detail An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: policies, institutions and culture Bibliografi Author: Verheul, Ingrid ; Wennekers, Sander ; Audretsch, David ; Thurik, A. Roy Topik: Entrepreneurship; Culture; Institutions; Policy Bahasa: (EN )     Penerbit: Tinbergen Institute     Tahun Terbit: 2001     Jenis: Papers/Makalah Fulltext: 01030.pdf (266.27KB; 1 download) Abstract The level of entrepreneurship differs considerably across countries and periods. Both the causes and consequences of entrepreneurship are a matter of extensive scientific debate as well as of great policy importance. A high level of entrepreneurial activity is assumed and shown to contribute to innovative activities, competition, economic growth and job creation. The present paper deals with the determinants of entrepreneurship. An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship is introduced. This eclectic theory provides an integrated framework, drawing on disparate strands of literature, to create a better understanding of the different role that entrepreneurship plays in different countries and time periods. This framework is designed to guide future empirical research in this area and to provide insights for policymakers striving to promote entrepreneurship. Our eclectic theory focuses not only on the country level of analysis but is also linked to the level of individual occupational choices. Accordingly, the analysis is not confined to economics but also draws upon insights from psychology and sociology. The starting point of the analysis is the distinction between the supply side and the demand side of entrepreneurship. Key elements of the supply side are the demographic composition of the population, the resources and abilities of individuals and their attitudes towards entrepreneurship, i.e., their preferences. The demand side represents the opportunities for entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial opportunities are influenced by the advent and maturation of new technologies, by the differentiation of consumer demand and by the industrial structure of the economy. In making their occupational choice between wage-employment and business ownership individuals assess-at least implicitly-the potential financial and non-pecuniary rewards and risks, based on their perception of opportunities and their personal characteristics. Next to the distinction between demand and supply sides and a description of the process of occupational choice, attention is paid to a discrepancy between actual and equilibrium rates of entrepreneurship. The role policy measures play is dealt with extensively as well as the pervasive but difficult to establish role of culture. Opini Anda Klik untuk menuliskan opini Anda tentang koleksi ini! Lihat Sejarah Pengadaan  Konversi Metadata   Kembali

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