Cultural Differences in Unrealistic Optimism and Pessimism: The Role of Egocentrism and Direct Versus Indirect Comparison Measures  

Oleh:

Rose, Jason P. ; Endo, Yumi ; Suls, Jerry ; Windschitl, Paul D.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pspc) vol. 34 no. 9 (Sep. 2008), page 1236-1248.
Topik: Unrealistic Optimism; Egocentrism; Culture; Selfenhancement; Direct versus Indirect Method
Fulltext: 1236.pdf (208.35KB)

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: PP45.35 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

Recent research has raised questions regarding the consistency of unrealistic optimism and related self-enhancing tendencies, both within cultures and across cultures. The current study tested whether the method used to assess unrealistic optimism influenced cross-cultural patterns in the United States and Japan. The results showed that the direct method (a single comparison judgment between self and peers) produced similar patterns across cultures because of cognitive biases (e.g., egocentrism); specifically, participants were realistically optimistic about experiencing nfrequent/negative events but pessimistic about experiencing frequent/ negative events. However, the indirect method (separate self- and peer judgments) produced different patterns across cultures because culturally specific motivational biases emerged using this method; specifically, the U.S. sample was more unrealistically optimistic than the Japanese sample. The authors discuss how these results might influence the interpretation of previous findings on culture and self-enhancement.

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