Comprehensible Output as an Outcome of Linguistic Demands on the Learner  

Oleh:

Pica, Teresa ; Nora, Lewis ; Morgenthaler, Lynelle ; Holliday, Lloyd

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Studies in Second Language Acquisition (sebagian Full Text & ada di PROQUEST Th.2001-) vol. 11 no. 1 (Mar. 1989), page 63-90.

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Perpustakaan PKBB Nomor Panggil: 405/SSL/11 Non-tandon: tidak ada Tandon: 1

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Isi artikel

In view of the theoretical claim that comprehensible input is not sufficient for successful second language acquisition, but that opportunities for nonnative speakers (NNSs) to produce comprehensible output are also necessary (Swain, 1985), the present study sought to discribe how second language learners responded linguistically when native speakers signaled difficulty in understanding them and to compare types and frequencies of the learners' responses in relation to different native-speaker (NS) signal types and different communication tasks. The NS Signals differed in the extent to which they offered nonnative speakers an open-ended request for clarification or a model to repeat or acknowledge. The tasks differed in the degree of control they gave to NSs and NNSs over the preciseness and relative quantity of information needed to carry them out, and were as follows: (a) an "information-gap" tasks, in which the NNSs drew their own original picture solely on the basis of the NNSs' description; (b) a "jigsaw" task, in which the NNSs and NSs were required to reproduce an unseen sequence; and (c) a discussion, in which the NNSs and NSs were told to share their views on the language-learning contributions of the other two communication tasks. Each task was carried out by 10 NNS-NS dyads. Results of the study provided empirical validation for the theoretical construct of comprehensible output and revealed the extent to which

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